[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":1829},["ShallowReactive",2],{"blog-post-nl-spanningsval-berekenen-kabeldoorsnede":3,"blog-alternates-voltage-drop-cable-sizing":431},{"id":4,"title":5,"articleId":6,"body":7,"category":411,"date":412,"description":413,"extension":414,"lastUpdated":415,"locale":416,"meta":417,"navigation":418,"path":419,"publishDate":412,"readTime":420,"refreshInterval":421,"seo":422,"slug":423,"stem":424,"tags":425,"__hash__":430},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.nl.md","Spanningsval berekenen: hoe lang mag je kabel zijn?","voltage-drop-cable-sizing",{"type":8,"value":9,"toc":388},"minimark",[10,15,19,24,27,30,34,46,55,59,71,93,112,116,119,206,209,216,220,225,228,233,244,248,251,256,262,266,274,281,285,288,292,324,328,332,335,339,342,346,349,353,361,365],[11,12,14],"h1",{"id":13},"spanningsval-berekenen-en-de-juiste-kabeldoorsnede-kiezen","Spanningsval berekenen en de juiste kabeldoorsnede kiezen",[16,17,18],"p",{},"Een automaat en een kabeldoorsnede horen bij elkaar, maar dat is slechts de eerste controle. Hoe langer de leiding en hoe groter de stroom, hoe meer spanning onderweg verloren gaat. Een doorsnede die vlak naast de verdeelkast volstaat, kan voor een tuinhuis, garage of laadpunt te klein zijn. Daarom gelden twee aparte vragen: beschermt de automaat de leiding, en blijft de spanningsval beperkt? De grootste vereiste bepaalt de voorlopige doorsnede.",[20,21,23],"h2",{"id":22},"wanneer-speelt-spanningsval-een-rol","Wanneer speelt spanningsval een rol?",[16,25,26],{},"Bij korte leidingen in een gewone woning is spanningsval vaak niet de bepalende factor. Hij wordt wel belangrijk bij lange trajecten naar een bijgebouw, buitenverlichting, een warmtepomp, een laadpaal of een onderverdeler. Ook een bescheiden belasting kan over 40 of 50 meter voldoende verlies veroorzaken om verlichting te doen dimmen of apparatuur minder betrouwbaar te laten werken.",[16,28,29],{},"De afstand alleen vertelt niet alles. De stroom, het aantal fasen, het geleidermateriaal, de doorsnede, de nominale spanning en de vermogensfactor tellen mee. Bereken bovendien het volledige elektrische pad vanaf de verdeler, niet alleen het laatste stukje tot het toestel.",[20,31,33],{"id":32},"wat-zegt-het-arei-en-wat-niet","Wat zegt het AREI — en wat niet?",[16,35,36,37,41,42,45],{},"AREI Boek 1, onderafdeling 5.2.5, noemt geen vast percentage. De tekst bepaalt dat de spanningsval in elektrische leidingen beperkt moet blijven tot de waarden die in de regels van goed vakmanschap zijn beschreven. De vaak gebruikte grenswaarden van ",[38,39,40],"strong",{},"3% voor verlichting"," en ",[38,43,44],{},"5% voor andere eindkringen"," zijn de gangbare uitwerking volgens IEC\u002FNBN HD 60364-5-52; het zijn geen letterlijk vermelde AREI-percentages.",[16,47,48,49,54],{},"Daarnaast vereist 5.2.1.2 dat de keuze van de leiding verenigbaar is met de veilige werking van de gevoede toestellen. Tabel 4.11 in 4.4.1.4 geeft voor huishoudelijke installaties een bovengrens voor het beveiligingstoestel per geleiderdoorsnede. Die tabel is geen volledige stroomdragendheidsberekening: isolatie, opbouw, plaatsingswijze en omgeving blijven relevant. Voor een statisch overzicht zie ",[50,51,53],"a",{"href":52},"\u002Fblog\u002Fkabeldoorsnede-automaat","welke kabeldoorsnede bij welke automaat hoort",".",[20,56,58],{"id":57},"de-formule","De formule",[16,60,61,62,66,67,70],{},"Voor een eenvoudige weerstandsberekening met een kabellengte ",[63,64,65],"code",{},"L"," als ",[38,68,69],{},"enkele afstand",":",[72,73,74,81,87],"ul",{},[75,76,77,78],"li",{},"eenfasig: ",[63,79,80],{},"ΔU = 2 × ρ × L × I × cos φ \u002F S",[75,82,83,84],{},"driefasig: ",[63,85,86],{},"ΔU = √3 × ρ × L × I × cos φ \u002F S",[75,88,89,90],{},"percentage: ",[63,91,92],{},"ΔU% = ΔU \u002F Un × 100",[16,94,95,96,99,100,103,104,107,108,111],{},"Hierin is ",[63,97,98],{},"ρ"," de soortelijke weerstand van de geleider, ",[63,101,102],{},"I"," de stroom in ampère, ",[63,105,106],{},"S"," de doorsnede in mm² en ",[63,109,110],{},"Un"," de nominale spanning. PlanElec rekent voor deze voorstudie met 0,0175 Ω·mm²\u002Fm voor koper, 0,029 voor aluminium, standaard cos φ 0,95 en de nominale spanning van de stroomkring: 230 V voor eenfasige eindkringen, voor driefasige kringen de spanning tussen de fasegeleiders (230 V of 400 V). Dit weerstandsmodel houdt geen rekening met reactantie en temperatuurcorrectie.",[20,113,115],{"id":114},"welke-spanning-geldt-voor-jouw-stroomkring","Welke spanning geldt voor jouw stroomkring?",[16,117,118],{},"De meest gemaakte denkfout bij spanningsval is het verwarren van netvorm en stroomkring. De 400 V van een driefasige aansluiting staat uitsluitend tussen twee fasegeleiders. Een gewone stopcontact- of verlichtingskring wordt ook in zo'n woning tussen fasegeleider en nulgeleider aangesloten en ziet 230 V.",[120,121,122,141],"table",{},[123,124,125],"thead",{},[126,127,128,132,135,138],"tr",{},[129,130,131],"th",{},"Net op de aansluiting",[129,133,134],{},"Stroomkring",[129,136,137],{},"Nominale spanning",[129,139,140],{},"Factor",[142,143,144,159,171,183,195],"tbody",{},[126,145,146,150,153,156],{},[147,148,149],"td",{},"1×230 V",[147,151,152],{},"eenfasig",[147,154,155],{},"230 V",[147,157,158],{},"2",[126,160,161,164,167,169],{},[147,162,163],{},"3×230 V zonder N",[147,165,166],{},"eenfasig, L–L",[147,168,155],{},[147,170,158],{},[126,172,173,175,178,180],{},[147,174,163],{},[147,176,177],{},"driefasig",[147,179,155],{},[147,181,182],{},"√3",[126,184,185,188,191,193],{},[147,186,187],{},"3N~400\u002F230 V",[147,189,190],{},"eenfasig, L–N",[147,192,155],{},[147,194,158],{},[126,196,197,199,201,204],{},[147,198,187],{},[147,200,177],{},[147,202,203],{},"400 V",[147,205,182],{},[16,207,208],{},"Omdat factor en referentiespanning samen veranderen, is het verschil groot: dezelfde 16 A over 30 m met 2,5 mm² geeft eenfasig 2,78%, als driefasige kring op 400 V daarentegen 1,38%. Wie een eenfasige kring per ongeluk driefasig berekent, krijgt een ongeveer twee keer zo gunstig resultaat en kiest de doorsnede te klein.",[16,210,211,212,54],{},"In een net zonder nulgeleider ligt een eenfasige kring tussen twee fasegeleiders. Ook daar is het 230 V, en omdat beide geleiders de volle stroom voeren, blijft factor 2 gelden. Welke netvorm jij hebt, lees je in ",[50,213,215],{"href":214},"\u002Fblog\u002Feenfasig-driefasig-belgie","Eenfasig of driefasig in België",[20,217,219],{"id":218},"twee-rekenvoorbeelden","Twee rekenvoorbeelden",[221,222,224],"h3",{"id":223},"_1-verlichting-in-een-tuinhuis","1. Verlichting in een tuinhuis",[16,226,227],{},"Een koperen verlichtingsleiding is 45 meter lang, eenfasig 230 V, belast met 8 A en uitgevoerd in 1,5 mm². Met cos φ 0,95 volgt:",[16,229,230],{},[63,231,232],{},"ΔU = 2 × 0,0175 × 45 × 8 × 0,95 \u002F 1,5 = 7,98 V",[16,234,235,236,239,240,243],{},"Dat is ",[38,237,238],{},"3,47%"," van 230 V en dus meer dan de gebruikte 3%-richtwaarde voor verlichting. Met 2,5 mm² daalt het verlies tot ",[38,241,242],{},"4,79 V of 2,08%",". Voor deze voorstudie is 2,5 mm² daarom de eerste passende standaarddoorsnede.",[221,245,247],{"id":246},"_2-stopcontactkring-in-een-garage","2. Stopcontactkring in een garage",[16,249,250],{},"Een koperen leiding van 30 meter voedt een andere eindkring met 16 A op 230 V. Bij 2,5 mm² en cos φ 0,95 is de spanningsval:",[16,252,253],{},[63,254,255],{},"ΔU = 2 × 0,0175 × 30 × 16 × 0,95 \u002F 2,5 = 6,38 V",[16,257,235,258,261],{},[38,259,260],{},"2,78%",". Voor deze kring gebruikt de voorstudie 5%, zodat 2,5 mm² op het criterium spanningsval past. Dat besluit bewijst nog niet dat de kabel in elke plaatsingswijze voldoende belastbaar is.",[20,263,265],{"id":264},"bereken-het-zelf","Bereken het zelf",[16,267,268,269,273],{},"Met de ",[50,270,272],{"href":271},"\u002Ftools\u002Fkabeldoorsnede-berekenen","gratis spanningsval- en kabeldoorsnedetool"," kun je een gekozen doorsnede controleren of een voorlopige maat zoeken. Kies een van de drie netvormen (1×230 V, 3×230 V of 3N~400\u002F230 V) en of de kring een- of driefasig is, voer de belasting in A, W, kW of kVA in en selecteer koper of aluminium. De tool vergelijkt de standaarddoorsneden en controleert spanningsval en het eerste minimum volgens automaat en kringtype.",[16,275,276,277,280],{},"De berekening gebeurt rechtstreeks in de browser, zodat schuifregelaar en resultaat zonder vertraging samenlopen; dezelfde rekenkern is ook als PlanElec-API beschikbaar. Het blijft een ",[38,278,279],{},"voorstudie",". De tool controleert geen plaatsingswijze, bundeling, omgevingstemperatuur, isolatietype, reactantie, stroomdragend vermogen, kortsluitvastheid, uitschakelvoorwaarden, aansluitklemmen of fabrikantgegevens. Laat de uiteindelijke dimensionering door een vakbekwame persoon beoordelen.",[20,282,284],{"id":283},"wanneer-kies-je-een-grotere-doorsnede","Wanneer kies je een grotere doorsnede?",[16,286,287],{},"Vergroot eerst de doorsnede als alleen de spanningsval te hoog is. Soms is een kortere route of een onderverdeler dichter bij de belasting verstandiger. Voor lange voedingsleidingen kan aluminium economisch interessant zijn, maar dat vraagt passende klemmen, overgangen en dimensionering. Bij een wallbox of warmtepomp kan driefasig voeden de stroom per fase en daarmee het verlies bij hetzelfde totale vermogen sterk verlagen. Lastmanagement kan bovendien voorkomen dat de aansluiting of automaat wordt overbelast.",[20,289,291],{"id":290},"veelgemaakte-fouten","Veelgemaakte fouten",[72,293,294,300,306,312,318],{},[75,295,296,299],{},[38,297,298],{},"Altijd 3% toepassen."," In deze voorstudie geldt 3% voor verlichting en 5% voor andere eindkringen.",[75,301,302,305],{},[38,303,304],{},"Alleen naar de automaat kijken."," De tabelwaarde houdt geen rekening met lengte en belasting.",[75,307,308,311],{},[38,309,310],{},"De lengte dubbel invoeren."," Geef de enkele afstand op; factor 2 verwerkt bij eenfasig de retourweg.",[75,313,314,317],{},[38,315,316],{},"Alleen het laatste kabelstuk rekenen."," Spanningsvallen over opeenvolgende delen tellen op.",[75,319,320,323],{},[38,321,322],{},"Een online resultaat als conformiteitsbewijs gebruiken."," Zonder plaatsings- en kortsluitcontrole is de dimensionering niet volledig.",[20,325,327],{"id":326},"veelgestelde-vragen","Veelgestelde vragen",[221,329,331],{"id":330},"is-de-kabellengte-enkel-of-heen-en-terug","Is de kabellengte enkel of heen en terug?",[16,333,334],{},"Voer de enkele afstand van verdeelkast tot verbruiker in. De eenfasige formule telt de heen- en teruggeleider met factor 2; bij driefasig wordt factor √3 gebruikt.",[221,336,338],{"id":337},"mag-ik-15-mm-gebruiken-voor-verlichting","Mag ik 1,5 mm² gebruiken voor verlichting?",[16,340,341],{},"AREI 5.2.1.2 laat 1,5 mm² toe voor een eindkring zonder stopcontacten, mits ook beveiliging, plaatsingswijze en alle andere voorwaarden passen. Een lange leiding kan door spanningsval toch 2,5 mm² of meer vragen.",[221,343,345],{"id":344},"is-een-groter-kabelquerschnitt-altijd-beter","Is een groter kabelquerschnitt altijd beter?",[16,347,348],{},"Een grotere doorsnede verlaagt het verlies, maar kost meer, neemt meer plaats in en moet in klemmen passen. Kies daarom de eerste maat die álle relevante controles doorstaat, niet blind de grootste.",[221,350,352],{"id":351},"is-het-resultaat-klaar-voor-de-keuring","Is het resultaat klaar voor de keuring?",[16,354,355,356,360],{},"Nee. Het is een transparante plausibiliteitscontrole en geen volledig ontwerp- of keuringsbewijs. Het ",[50,357,359],{"href":358},"\u002Fblog\u002Felektrische-keuring","elektrisch dossier voor de keuring"," omvat veel meer dan de kabelberekening.",[20,362,364],{"id":363},"gerelateerde-artikelen","Gerelateerde artikelen",[72,366,367,372,376,382],{},[75,368,369],{},[50,370,371],{"href":52},"Kabeldoorsnede per automaat",[75,373,374],{},[50,375,215],{"href":214},[75,377,378],{},[50,379,381],{"href":380},"\u002Fblog\u002Flaadpaal-arei","Laadpaal installeren volgens het AREI",[75,383,384],{},[50,385,387],{"href":386},"\u002Fblog\u002Feigen-stroomkring-verplicht-toestellen","Toegewijde kringen voor toestellen",{"title":389,"searchDepth":390,"depth":390,"links":391},"",2,[392,393,394,395,396,401,402,403,404,410],{"id":22,"depth":390,"text":23},{"id":32,"depth":390,"text":33},{"id":57,"depth":390,"text":58},{"id":114,"depth":390,"text":115},{"id":218,"depth":390,"text":219,"children":397},[398,400],{"id":223,"depth":399,"text":224},3,{"id":246,"depth":399,"text":247},{"id":264,"depth":390,"text":265},{"id":283,"depth":390,"text":284},{"id":290,"depth":390,"text":291},{"id":326,"depth":390,"text":327,"children":405},[406,407,408,409],{"id":330,"depth":399,"text":331},{"id":337,"depth":399,"text":338},{"id":344,"depth":399,"text":345},{"id":351,"depth":399,"text":352},{"id":363,"depth":390,"text":364},"guide","2026-08-02","Bereken de spanningsval van je kabel en zie wanneer een grotere doorsnede nodig is. Gratis rekentool voor België, zonder registratie.","md","2026-08-03","nl",{},true,"\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.nl","7 min",12,{"title":5,"description":413},"spanningsval-berekenen-kabeldoorsnede","blog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.nl",[426,427,428,429],"spanningsval","kabeldoorsnede","rekentool","arei","7bT_CzrrwOG-P3uAYoEAWRZxnEBoAHwsklh_t670BSw",[432,809,1187,1567],{"id":433,"title":434,"articleId":6,"body":435,"category":411,"date":412,"description":797,"extension":414,"lastUpdated":415,"locale":798,"meta":799,"navigation":418,"path":800,"publishDate":412,"readTime":420,"refreshInterval":421,"seo":801,"slug":802,"stem":803,"tags":804,"__hash__":808},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.de.md","Spannungsfall berechnen: Wie lang darf das Kabel sein?",{"type":8,"value":436,"toc":777},[437,441,444,448,451,454,458,469,476,480,490,507,518,522,525,600,603,610,614,618,621,625,635,639,642,646,652,656,664,671,675,678,682,714,718,722,725,729,732,736,739,743,751,755],[11,438,440],{"id":439},"spannungsfall-berechnen-und-kabelquerschnitt-auswählen","Spannungsfall berechnen und Kabelquerschnitt auswählen",[16,442,443],{},"Ein Sicherungsautomat schützt die Leitung vor Überlast, beantwortet aber noch nicht die Frage, ob am Verbraucher genügend Spannung ankommt. Mit Länge und Strom steigt der Spannungsfall. Ein Querschnitt, der bei einer kurzen Strecke ausreicht, kann auf dem Weg zur Garage, zum Gartenhaus oder zur Wallbox zu klein sein. Deshalb sind zwei Prüfungen nötig: Passt die Leitung zur Absicherung, und bleibt der Spannungsfall im vorgesehenen Bereich? Für die vorläufige Auswahl ist die strengere Anforderung maßgeblich.",[20,445,447],{"id":446},"wann-wird-der-spannungsfall-wichtig","Wann wird der Spannungsfall wichtig?",[16,449,450],{},"Typische Fälle sind lange Leitungen zu Nebengebäuden, Außenbeleuchtung, Unterverteilungen, Wärmepumpen und Ladepunkten. Die Entfernung allein genügt jedoch nicht. Entscheidend sind auch Strom, Ein- oder Dreiphasensystem, Leitermaterial, Querschnitt, Nennspannung und Leistungsfaktor.",[16,452,453],{},"Betrachtet werden muss der gesamte elektrische Pfad ab Verteilung. Besteht er aus mehreren Leitungsabschnitten, addieren sich deren Spannungsfälle. Wer nur das letzte Stück zum Gerät rechnet, unterschätzt das Gesamtergebnis.",[20,455,457],{"id":456},"was-das-arei-sagt-und-was-nicht","Was das AREI sagt — und was nicht",[16,459,460,461,464,465,468],{},"AREI Buch 1, Unterabschnitt 5.2.5, heißt in der deutschen Fassung „Spannungsänderung“. Dort steht kein fester Prozentwert. Gefordert wird, den Spannungsfall auf die in den Regeln des Fachs beschriebenen Werte zu begrenzen. Die verbreiteten ",[38,462,463],{},"3% für Beleuchtung"," und ",[38,466,467],{},"5% für andere Endstromkreise"," sind eine übliche Auslegung nach IEC\u002FNBN HD 60364-5-52, keine wörtlich im AREI genannten Zahlen.",[16,470,471,472,54],{},"Abschnitt 5.2.1.2 verlangt zusätzlich, dass die Leitungswahl mit dem sicheren Betrieb der gespeisten Geräte vereinbar ist. Tabelle 4.11 in 4.4.1.4 begrenzt bei Haushaltsanlagen das Schutzorgan je Leiterquerschnitt. Sie ist kein vollständiger Nachweis der Strombelastbarkeit unter jeder Verlegebedingung. Für die reine Zuordnung von Automat und Mindestquerschnitt gibt es den Artikel ",[50,473,475],{"href":474},"\u002Fde\u002Fblog\u002Fkabelquerschnitt-sicherungsautomat","Kabelquerschnitt je Sicherungsautomat",[20,477,479],{"id":478},"die-berechnungsformel","Die Berechnungsformel",[16,481,482,483,485,486,489],{},"Dabei ist ",[63,484,65],{}," die ",[38,487,488],{},"einfache Leitungslänge",", nicht Hin- und Rückweg zusammen:",[72,491,492,497,502],{},[75,493,494,495],{},"einphasig: ",[63,496,80],{},[75,498,499,500],{},"dreiphasig: ",[63,501,86],{},[75,503,504,505],{},"prozentual: ",[63,506,92],{},[16,508,509,511,512,514,515,517],{},[63,510,98],{}," ist der spezifische Widerstand, ",[63,513,102],{}," der Strom und ",[63,516,106],{}," der Querschnitt in mm². PlanElec verwendet für diese Vorprüfung 0,0175 Ω·mm²\u002Fm für Kupfer und 0,029 für Aluminium, standardmäßig cos φ 0,95 sowie die Nennspannung des Stromkreises: 230 V für einphasige Endstromkreise, für Drehstromkreise die Spannung zwischen den Außenleitern (230 V oder 400 V). Das einfache Widerstandsmodell enthält weder Reaktanz noch Temperaturkorrektur.",[20,519,521],{"id":520},"welche-spannung-gilt-für-ihren-stromkreis","Welche Spannung gilt für Ihren Stromkreis?",[16,523,524],{},"Der häufigste Denkfehler beim Spannungsfall ist die Verwechslung von Netzform und Stromkreis. Die 400 V eines Drehstromanschlusses liegen ausschließlich zwischen zwei Außenleitern an. Ein gewöhnlicher Steckdosen- oder Beleuchtungskreis wird auch in einem solchen Haus zwischen Außenleiter und Neutralleiter angeschlossen und sieht 230 V.",[120,526,527,543],{},[123,528,529],{},[126,530,531,534,537,540],{},[129,532,533],{},"Netz am Anschluss",[129,535,536],{},"Stromkreis",[129,538,539],{},"Nennspannung",[129,541,542],{},"Faktor",[142,544,545,556,568,579,590],{},[126,546,547,549,552,554],{},[147,548,149],{},[147,550,551],{},"einphasig",[147,553,155],{},[147,555,158],{},[126,557,558,561,564,566],{},[147,559,560],{},"3×230 V ohne N",[147,562,563],{},"einphasig, L–L",[147,565,155],{},[147,567,158],{},[126,569,570,572,575,577],{},[147,571,560],{},[147,573,574],{},"dreiphasig",[147,576,155],{},[147,578,182],{},[126,580,581,583,586,588],{},[147,582,187],{},[147,584,585],{},"einphasig, L–N",[147,587,155],{},[147,589,158],{},[126,591,592,594,596,598],{},[147,593,187],{},[147,595,574],{},[147,597,203],{},[147,599,182],{},[16,601,602],{},"Weil sich Faktor und Bezugsspannung gemeinsam ändern, fällt der Unterschied groß aus: dieselben 16 A auf 30 m mit 2,5 mm² ergeben einphasig 2,78%, als Drehstromkreis an 400 V dagegen 1,38%. Wer einen einphasigen Kreis versehentlich dreiphasig rechnet, erhält ein etwa doppelt so günstiges Ergebnis und wählt den Querschnitt zu klein.",[16,604,605,606,54],{},"Im Netz ohne Neutralleiter liegt ein einphasiger Kreis zwischen zwei Außenleitern. Auch dort sind es 230 V, und weil beide Leiter den vollen Strom führen, bleibt es beim Faktor 2. Welche Netzform bei Ihnen anliegt, klärt der Beitrag ",[50,607,609],{"href":608},"\u002Fde\u002Fblog\u002Feinphasig-dreiphasig-belgien","Einphasig oder dreiphasig in Belgien",[20,611,613],{"id":612},"zwei-nachvollziehbare-beispiele","Zwei nachvollziehbare Beispiele",[221,615,617],{"id":616},"beleuchtung-im-gartenhaus","Beleuchtung im Gartenhaus",[16,619,620],{},"Eine 45 m lange Kupferleitung versorgt bei 230 V eine reine Beleuchtungslast mit 8 A. Bei 1,5 mm² und cos φ 0,95 ergibt sich:",[16,622,623],{},[63,624,232],{},[16,626,627,628,630,631,634],{},"Das sind ",[38,629,238],{}," und damit mehr als der für die Vorprüfung verwendete 3%-Wert. Bei 2,5 mm² sinkt der Verlust auf ",[38,632,633],{},"4,79 V beziehungsweise 2,08%",". Für dieses Kriterium ist 2,5 mm² die erste passende Standardgröße.",[221,636,638],{"id":637},"steckdosenstromkreis-in-der-garage","Steckdosenstromkreis in der Garage",[16,640,641],{},"Eine 30 m lange Kupferleitung führt bei 230 V 16 A. Mit 2,5 mm² beträgt der Spannungsfall:",[16,643,644],{},[63,645,255],{},[16,647,648,649,651],{},"Das entspricht ",[38,650,260],{},". Für einen anderen Endstromkreis setzt die Vorprüfung 5% an, sodass 2,5 mm² beim Spannungsfall besteht. Daraus folgt noch nicht, dass die Leitung unter ihrer tatsächlichen Verlegeart ausreichend belastbar ist.",[20,653,655],{"id":654},"kostenlos-online-berechnen","Kostenlos online berechnen",[16,657,658,659,663],{},"Der ",[50,660,662],{"href":661},"\u002Fde\u002Ftools\u002Fkabelquerschnitt-rechner","Spannungsfall- und Kabelquerschnitt-Rechner"," prüft eine gewählte Größe oder ermittelt einen vorläufigen Querschnitt. Er deckt die drei Netzformen (1×230 V, 3×230 V und 3N~400\u002F230 V) ab, unterscheidet ein- und dreiphasige Stromkreise und nimmt die Last in A, W, kW oder kVA für Kupfer und Aluminium. Die Auswertung vergleicht Standardquerschnitte und weist Spannungsfall und Absicherung getrennt aus.",[16,665,666,667,670],{},"Die Berechnung läuft direkt im Browser, damit Regler und Ergebnis ohne Verzögerung zusammenlaufen; derselbe Rechenkern steht auch als PlanElec-API bereit. Das ist bewusst eine ",[38,668,669],{},"Vorprüfung",", keine vollständige Leitungsdimensionierung. Nicht berücksichtigt werden Verlegeart, Häufung, Umgebungstemperatur, Isolationsart, Reaktanz, Strombelastbarkeit, Kurzschlussfestigkeit, Abschaltbedingungen, Klemmen und Herstellerangaben. Die endgültige Auslegung gehört in fachkundige Hände.",[20,672,674],{"id":673},"was-tun-bei-zu-hohem-spannungsfall","Was tun bei zu hohem Spannungsfall?",[16,676,677],{},"Meist ist ein größerer Querschnitt die direkteste Lösung. Alternativ können eine kürzere Trasse oder eine Unterverteilung nahe der Last sinnvoller sein. Aluminium kann bei langen Zuleitungen wirtschaftlich sein, braucht aber passende Anschlusstechnik und eine eigene Dimensionierung. Bei Wallbox oder Wärmepumpe verringert eine dreiphasige Versorgung bei gleicher Gesamtleistung den Strom je Phase deutlich. Lastmanagement hilft zusätzlich, Anschluss und Schutzorgan nicht zu überlasten.",[20,679,681],{"id":680},"häufige-fehler","Häufige Fehler",[72,683,684,690,696,702,708],{},[75,685,686,689],{},[38,687,688],{},"Pauschal mit 3% rechnen."," Diese Vorprüfung verwendet 3% für Beleuchtung und 5% für andere Endstromkreise.",[75,691,692,695],{},[38,693,694],{},"Nur die Automatentabelle prüfen."," Länge und tatsächliche Last fehlen dort.",[75,697,698,701],{},[38,699,700],{},"Hin- und Rückweg eingeben."," Gefragt ist die einfache Strecke; Faktor 2 ist in der Einphasenformel enthalten.",[75,703,704,707],{},[38,705,706],{},"Vorgelagerte Abschnitte vergessen."," Die einzelnen Spannungsfälle summieren sich.",[75,709,710,713],{},[38,711,712],{},"Das Ergebnis als Konformitätsnachweis behandeln."," Ohne Verlege- und Kurzschlussbetrachtung bleibt die Prüfung unvollständig.",[20,715,717],{"id":716},"häufig-gestellte-fragen","Häufig gestellte Fragen",[221,719,721],{"id":720},"ist-die-kabellänge-einfach-oder-doppelt-einzugeben","Ist die Kabellänge einfach oder doppelt einzugeben?",[16,723,724],{},"Geben Sie die einfache Entfernung von der Verteilung zum Verbraucher ein. Bei Einphasenwechselstrom bildet Faktor 2 den Rückleiter ab; dreiphasig kommt Faktor √3 zum Einsatz.",[221,726,728],{"id":727},"darf-ein-beleuchtungsstromkreis-15-mm-haben","Darf ein Beleuchtungsstromkreis 1,5 mm² haben?",[16,730,731],{},"AREI 5.2.1.2 erlaubt 1,5 mm² für einen Endstromkreis ohne Steckdosen, sofern Absicherung und alle übrigen Bedingungen passen. Bei langer Strecke kann der Spannungsfall trotzdem 2,5 mm² oder mehr erfordern.",[221,733,735],{"id":734},"ist-ein-größerer-querschnitt-immer-besser","Ist ein größerer Querschnitt immer besser?",[16,737,738],{},"Er senkt Verluste, kostet aber mehr, benötigt Platz und muss in die Klemmen passen. Sinnvoll ist die erste Größe, die sämtliche relevanten Prüfungen erfüllt.",[221,740,742],{"id":741},"reicht-das-ergebnis-für-die-abnahme","Reicht das Ergebnis für die Abnahme?",[16,744,745,746,750],{},"Nein. Der Rechner liefert eine Plausibilitätsprüfung, keine vollständige Berechnung oder Prüfbescheinigung. Zum ",[50,747,749],{"href":748},"\u002Fde\u002Fblog\u002Felektrische-abnahme","Elektrodossier für die Abnahme"," gehören weitere Nachweise und Pläne.",[20,752,754],{"id":753},"verwandte-artikel","Verwandte Artikel",[72,756,757,761,765,771],{},[75,758,759],{},[50,760,475],{"href":474},[75,762,763],{},[50,764,609],{"href":608},[75,766,767],{},[50,768,770],{"href":769},"\u002Fde\u002Fblog\u002Fwallbox-arei","Wallbox nach AREI installieren",[75,772,773],{},[50,774,776],{"href":775},"\u002Fde\u002Fblog\u002Feigener-stromkreis-pflicht-geraete","Eigene Stromkreise für große Geräte",{"title":389,"searchDepth":390,"depth":390,"links":778},[779,780,781,782,783,787,788,789,790,796],{"id":446,"depth":390,"text":447},{"id":456,"depth":390,"text":457},{"id":478,"depth":390,"text":479},{"id":520,"depth":390,"text":521},{"id":612,"depth":390,"text":613,"children":784},[785,786],{"id":616,"depth":399,"text":617},{"id":637,"depth":399,"text":638},{"id":654,"depth":390,"text":655},{"id":673,"depth":390,"text":674},{"id":680,"depth":390,"text":681},{"id":716,"depth":390,"text":717,"children":791},[792,793,794,795],{"id":720,"depth":399,"text":721},{"id":727,"depth":399,"text":728},{"id":734,"depth":399,"text":735},{"id":741,"depth":399,"text":742},{"id":753,"depth":390,"text":754},"Berechnen Sie den Spannungsfall Ihres Kabels und sehen Sie, wann ein größerer Querschnitt nötig wird. Kostenloses Tool für Belgien, ohne Anmeldung.","de",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.de",{"title":434,"description":797},"spannungsfall-berechnen-kabelquerschnitt","blog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.de",[805,806,807,429],"spannungsfall","kabelquerschnitt","rechner","3AUZdOHsHBvK4bQyN5JwiLUxbzWw7muOvn_wXfW76tM",{"id":810,"title":811,"articleId":6,"body":812,"category":411,"date":412,"description":1176,"extension":414,"lastUpdated":415,"locale":1177,"meta":1178,"navigation":418,"path":1179,"publishDate":412,"readTime":420,"refreshInterval":421,"seo":1180,"slug":6,"stem":1181,"tags":1182,"__hash__":1186},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.en.md","Voltage Drop Calculation: How Long Can Your Cable Be?",{"type":8,"value":813,"toc":1156},[814,818,821,825,828,831,835,846,853,857,866,882,893,897,900,974,977,984,988,992,995,1000,1011,1015,1018,1023,1030,1034,1042,1049,1053,1056,1060,1092,1096,1100,1103,1107,1110,1114,1117,1121,1129,1133],[11,815,817],{"id":816},"calculate-voltage-drop-and-choose-a-cable-cross-section","Calculate voltage drop and choose a cable cross-section",[16,819,820],{},"Matching a circuit breaker to a conductor is essential, but it does not tell you how much voltage reaches the load. Voltage drop rises with cable length and current. A cross-section that works beside the distribution board may be too small for a garage, garden room or EV charger. Cable sizing therefore starts with two separate checks: can the protective device safely protect the conductor, and is voltage drop kept within the intended range? The stricter result sets the preliminary size.",[20,822,824],{"id":823},"when-does-voltage-drop-matter","When does voltage drop matter?",[16,826,827],{},"Long runs to outbuildings, outdoor lighting, sub-distribution boards, heat pumps and charging points are typical cases. Distance is only one input. Current, single- or three-phase supply, conductor material, cross-section, nominal voltage and power factor all affect the result.",[16,829,830],{},"The complete electrical route from the board matters too. If the supply consists of several cable segments, their voltage drops add up. Calculating only the last section to the appliance understates the total.",[20,832,834],{"id":833},"what-areirgie-says-and-what-it-does-not","What AREI\u002FRGIE says — and what it does not",[16,836,837,838,841,842,845],{},"Book 1, subsection 5.2.5 of Belgium’s AREI\u002FRGIE does not state a numeric percentage. It requires voltage drop in electrical lines to be limited to the values described by the rules of good practice. The familiar ",[38,839,840],{},"3% for lighting"," and ",[38,843,844],{},"5% for other final circuits"," are the commonly applied interpretation from IEC\u002FNBN HD 60364-5-52, not percentages literally printed in AREI\u002FRGIE.",[16,847,848,849,54],{},"Section 5.2.1.2 also requires cable selection to be compatible with the safe operation of the supplied equipment. Table 4.11 in 4.4.1.4 limits the protective-device rating for each conductor cross-section in domestic installations. It is not a complete current-carrying-capacity calculation for every installation method. For that first lookup, see ",[50,850,852],{"href":851},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fcable-cross-section-breaker","cable cross-section by circuit breaker",[20,854,856],{"id":855},"the-calculation","The calculation",[16,858,859,860,862,863,70],{},"Here ",[63,861,65],{}," is the ",[38,864,865],{},"one-way cable length",[72,867,868,873,878],{},[75,869,870,871],{},"single-phase: ",[63,872,80],{},[75,874,875,876],{},"three-phase: ",[63,877,86],{},[75,879,89,880],{},[63,881,92],{},[16,883,884,886,887,889,890,892],{},[63,885,98],{}," is conductor resistivity, ",[63,888,102],{}," is current and ",[63,891,106],{}," is cross-section in mm². For this preliminary check, PlanElec uses 0.0175 Ω·mm²\u002Fm for copper, 0.029 for aluminium, a default power factor of 0.95, and the nominal voltage of the circuit: 230 V for single-phase final circuits, and for three-phase circuits the voltage between line conductors (230 V or 400 V). This is a resistance-only model; it does not include reactance or temperature correction.",[20,894,896],{"id":895},"which-voltage-applies-to-your-circuit","Which voltage applies to your circuit?",[16,898,899],{},"The most common mistake in voltage-drop calculations is confusing the network type with the circuit. The 400 V of a three-phase connection exists only between two line conductors. An ordinary socket or lighting circuit is connected between a line conductor and neutral even in such a home, and therefore sees 230 V.",[120,901,902,917],{},[123,903,904],{},[126,905,906,909,912,915],{},[129,907,908],{},"Supply network",[129,910,911],{},"Circuit",[129,913,914],{},"Nominal voltage",[129,916,140],{},[142,918,919,930,942,953,964],{},[126,920,921,923,926,928],{},[147,922,149],{},[147,924,925],{},"single-phase",[147,927,155],{},[147,929,158],{},[126,931,932,935,938,940],{},[147,933,934],{},"3×230 V without N",[147,936,937],{},"single-phase, L–L",[147,939,155],{},[147,941,158],{},[126,943,944,946,949,951],{},[147,945,934],{},[147,947,948],{},"three-phase",[147,950,155],{},[147,952,182],{},[126,954,955,957,960,962],{},[147,956,187],{},[147,958,959],{},"single-phase, L–N",[147,961,155],{},[147,963,158],{},[126,965,966,968,970,972],{},[147,967,187],{},[147,969,948],{},[147,971,203],{},[147,973,182],{},[16,975,976],{},"Because the factor and the reference voltage change together, the difference is large: the same 16 A over 30 m with 2.5 mm² gives 2.78% single-phase, but 1.38% as a three-phase circuit at 400 V. Calculating a single-phase circuit as if it were three-phase yields a roughly twice as favourable result and leads to an undersized cross-section.",[16,978,979,980,54],{},"In a network without a neutral, a single-phase circuit runs between two line conductors. The voltage there is also 230 V, and because both conductors carry the full current, factor 2 still applies. To identify your network type, see ",[50,981,983],{"href":982},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fsingle-phase-vs-three-phase","Single-phase or three-phase in Belgium",[20,985,987],{"id":986},"two-worked-examples","Two worked examples",[221,989,991],{"id":990},"lighting-in-a-garden-room","Lighting in a garden room",[16,993,994],{},"A 45 m copper run supplies a lighting-only circuit at 230 V and 8 A. With 1.5 mm² and power factor 0.95:",[16,996,997],{},[63,998,999],{},"ΔU = 2 × 0.0175 × 45 × 8 × 0.95 \u002F 1.5 = 7.98 V",[16,1001,1002,1003,1006,1007,1010],{},"That is ",[38,1004,1005],{},"3.47%",", above the 3% preliminary value used for lighting. Increasing the conductor to 2.5 mm² reduces the loss to ",[38,1008,1009],{},"4.79 V or 2.08%",". It is the first standard cross-section that passes this criterion.",[221,1012,1014],{"id":1013},"garage-socket-circuit","Garage socket circuit",[16,1016,1017],{},"For a 30 m copper run carrying 16 A at 230 V with 2.5 mm²:",[16,1019,1020],{},[63,1021,1022],{},"ΔU = 2 × 0.0175 × 30 × 16 × 0.95 \u002F 2.5 = 6.38 V",[16,1024,1025,1026,1029],{},"The result is ",[38,1027,1028],{},"2.78%",". The preliminary check uses 5% for this type of final circuit, so 2.5 mm² passes the voltage-drop criterion. That does not prove that the cable has adequate current-carrying capacity under its actual installation conditions.",[20,1031,1033],{"id":1032},"use-the-free-calculator","Use the free calculator",[16,1035,1036,1037,1041],{},"The ",[50,1038,1040],{"href":1039},"\u002Fen\u002Ftools\u002Fcable-sizing-calculator-belgium","voltage-drop and cable-sizing calculator"," can check a selected cross-section or find a preliminary size. It covers all three network types (1×230 V, 3×230 V and 3N~400\u002F230 V), distinguishes single-phase from three-phase circuits, and takes loads in A, W, kW or kVA for copper or aluminium conductors. The result compares standard sizes and reports voltage-drop and protection checks separately.",[16,1043,1044,1045,1048],{},"The calculation runs directly in the browser so that sliders and result move together without delay; the same core is also available as the PlanElec API. It remains a ",[38,1046,1047],{},"preliminary assessment",", not a complete cable design. The tool does not assess installation method, grouping, ambient temperature, insulation type, reactance, current-carrying capacity, short-circuit withstand, disconnection conditions, terminals or manufacturer data. A competent professional must validate the final design.",[20,1050,1052],{"id":1051},"what-can-you-do-if-the-drop-is-too-high","What can you do if the drop is too high?",[16,1054,1055],{},"Increasing the cross-section is usually the simplest response. A shorter route or a sub-distribution board closer to the loads may be more practical. Aluminium can be economical for long feeders, but it requires suitable terminals, transitions and its own design checks. For an EV charger or heat pump, three-phase supply can sharply reduce current per phase at the same total power. Load management can also prevent the service connection or breaker from being overloaded.",[20,1057,1059],{"id":1058},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[72,1061,1062,1068,1074,1080,1086],{},[75,1063,1064,1067],{},[38,1065,1066],{},"Applying 3% to every circuit."," This preliminary model uses 3% for lighting and 5% for other final circuits.",[75,1069,1070,1073],{},[38,1071,1072],{},"Checking only the breaker table."," It does not account for cable length or actual load.",[75,1075,1076,1079],{},[38,1077,1078],{},"Entering the return distance too."," Enter the one-way length; the single-phase formula already contains factor 2.",[75,1081,1082,1085],{},[38,1083,1084],{},"Ignoring upstream segments."," Voltage drops across consecutive sections are cumulative.",[75,1087,1088,1091],{},[38,1089,1090],{},"Treating an online result as proof of compliance."," Installation and short-circuit checks are still missing.",[20,1093,1095],{"id":1094},"frequently-asked-questions","Frequently asked questions",[221,1097,1099],{"id":1098},"is-cable-length-one-way-or-there-and-back","Is cable length one way or there and back?",[16,1101,1102],{},"Enter the one-way distance from the distribution board to the load. Factor 2 covers the return conductor in a single-phase circuit; the three-phase equation uses √3.",[221,1104,1106],{"id":1105},"can-lighting-use-a-15-mm-conductor","Can lighting use a 1.5 mm² conductor?",[16,1108,1109],{},"AREI\u002FRGIE 5.2.1.2 permits 1.5 mm² for a final circuit without sockets when protection and all other conditions are suitable. A long run can still require 2.5 mm² or more because of voltage drop.",[221,1111,1113],{"id":1112},"is-a-larger-cross-section-always-better","Is a larger cross-section always better?",[16,1115,1116],{},"It reduces losses but costs more, occupies more space and must fit the terminals. The sensible choice is the first size that passes every relevant design check.",[221,1118,1120],{"id":1119},"is-the-result-ready-for-inspection","Is the result ready for inspection?",[16,1122,1123,1124,1128],{},"No. It is a transparent plausibility check, not a complete calculation or inspection certificate. An ",[50,1125,1127],{"href":1126},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Felectrical-inspection","electrical inspection dossier"," covers diagrams, protection, bonding and other requirements as well.",[20,1130,1132],{"id":1131},"related-articles","Related articles",[72,1134,1135,1140,1144,1150],{},[75,1136,1137],{},[50,1138,1139],{"href":851},"Cable cross-section by circuit breaker",[75,1141,1142],{},[50,1143,983],{"href":982},[75,1145,1146],{},[50,1147,1149],{"href":1148},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fev-charger-arei","Installing an EV charger under AREI\u002FRGIE",[75,1151,1152],{},[50,1153,1155],{"href":1154},"\u002Fen\u002Fblog\u002Fdedicated-circuits-appliances","Dedicated circuits for appliances",{"title":389,"searchDepth":390,"depth":390,"links":1157},[1158,1159,1160,1161,1162,1166,1167,1168,1169,1175],{"id":823,"depth":390,"text":824},{"id":833,"depth":390,"text":834},{"id":855,"depth":390,"text":856},{"id":895,"depth":390,"text":896},{"id":986,"depth":390,"text":987,"children":1163},[1164,1165],{"id":990,"depth":399,"text":991},{"id":1013,"depth":399,"text":1014},{"id":1032,"depth":390,"text":1033},{"id":1051,"depth":390,"text":1052},{"id":1058,"depth":390,"text":1059},{"id":1094,"depth":390,"text":1095,"children":1170},[1171,1172,1173,1174],{"id":1098,"depth":399,"text":1099},{"id":1105,"depth":399,"text":1106},{"id":1112,"depth":399,"text":1113},{"id":1119,"depth":399,"text":1120},{"id":1131,"depth":390,"text":1132},"Calculate the voltage drop of your cable and see when a larger cross-section is needed. Free tool for Belgium, no sign-up required.","en",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.en",{"title":811,"description":1176},"blog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.en",[1183,1184,1185,429],"voltage-drop","cable-cross-section","calculator","FZc1CL25kRD5K7UIFSZWyEQ17U1iJhqDzwsQQkD6sus",{"id":1188,"title":1189,"articleId":6,"body":1190,"category":411,"date":412,"description":1554,"extension":414,"lastUpdated":415,"locale":1555,"meta":1556,"navigation":418,"path":1557,"publishDate":412,"readTime":420,"refreshInterval":421,"seo":1558,"slug":1559,"stem":1560,"tags":1561,"__hash__":1566},"blog\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.fr.md","Calculer la chute de tension : quelle longueur de câble ?",{"type":8,"value":1191,"toc":1534},[1192,1196,1199,1203,1206,1209,1213,1224,1231,1235,1245,1262,1273,1277,1280,1354,1357,1364,1368,1372,1375,1379,1390,1394,1397,1401,1408,1412,1420,1427,1431,1434,1438,1470,1474,1478,1481,1485,1488,1492,1495,1499,1507,1511],[11,1193,1195],{"id":1194},"calculer-la-chute-de-tension-et-choisir-la-section-du-câble","Calculer la chute de tension et choisir la section du câble",[16,1197,1198],{},"Associer une section au disjoncteur est indispensable, mais ce n’est que le début du dimensionnement. Plus la canalisation est longue et le courant élevé, plus la tension disponible diminue au récepteur. Une section suffisante près du tableau peut donc devenir inadéquate pour un garage, une annexe ou une borne de recharge. Il faut répondre à deux questions distinctes : la protection est-elle compatible avec le conducteur, et la chute de tension reste-t-elle maîtrisée ? Le résultat le plus contraignant fixe la section provisoire.",[20,1200,1202],{"id":1201},"dans-quels-cas-faut-il-y-penser","Dans quels cas faut-il y penser ?",[16,1204,1205],{},"La chute de tension devient surtout visible sur les longues liaisons : abri de jardin, éclairage extérieur, tableau secondaire, pompe à chaleur ou borne de recharge. Elle dépend cependant de bien plus que la distance. Le courant, le réseau mono- ou triphasé, le cuivre ou l’aluminium, la section, la tension nominale et le facteur de puissance interviennent tous.",[16,1207,1208],{},"Il faut aussi raisonner sur le trajet électrique complet depuis le tableau. Calculer uniquement les derniers mètres jusqu’à l’appareil sous-estime le total lorsque plusieurs tronçons se succèdent.",[20,1210,1212],{"id":1211},"ce-que-dit-le-rgie-et-ce-quil-ne-dit-pas","Ce que dit le RGIE — et ce qu’il ne dit pas",[16,1214,1215,1216,1219,1220,1223],{},"Le Livre 1 du RGIE, sous-section 5.2.5, ne donne pas de pourcentage numérique. Il impose de limiter la chute de tension aux valeurs décrites dans les règles de l’art. Les seuils couramment employés de ",[38,1217,1218],{},"3 % pour l’éclairage"," et ",[38,1221,1222],{},"5 % pour les autres circuits terminaux"," proviennent de l’application usuelle d’IEC\u002FNBN HD 60364-5-52 ; ce ne sont pas des chiffres écrits tels quels dans le RGIE.",[16,1225,1226,1227,54],{},"La section 5.2.1.2 demande en outre que le choix de la canalisation permette le fonctionnement sûr des appareils alimentés. Le tableau 4.11 de 4.4.1.4 limite, pour les installations domestiques, le calibre du dispositif de protection selon la section. Il ne démontre pas à lui seul la capacité de transport du câble dans toutes les conditions de pose. Pour cette première correspondance, consultez ",[50,1228,1230],{"href":1229},"\u002Ffr\u002Fblog\u002Fsection-cable-disjoncteur","notre tableau section de câble et disjoncteur",[20,1232,1234],{"id":1233},"la-formule-utilisée","La formule utilisée",[16,1236,1237,1238,1240,1241,1244],{},"En prenant ",[63,1239,65],{}," comme longueur ",[38,1242,1243],{},"aller simple"," :",[72,1246,1247,1252,1257],{},[75,1248,1249,1250],{},"monophasé : ",[63,1251,80],{},[75,1253,1254,1255],{},"triphasé : ",[63,1256,86],{},[75,1258,1259,1260],{},"pourcentage : ",[63,1261,92],{},[16,1263,1264,1266,1267,1269,1270,1272],{},[63,1265,98],{}," représente la résistivité du conducteur, ",[63,1268,102],{}," le courant et ",[63,1271,106],{}," la section en mm². Pour ce prédimensionnement, PlanElec utilise 0,0175 Ω·mm²\u002Fm pour le cuivre, 0,029 pour l’aluminium, cos φ 0,95 par défaut, ainsi que la tension nominale du circuit : 230 V pour les circuits terminaux monophasés et, pour les circuits triphasés, la tension entre conducteurs de phase (230 V ou 400 V). C’est un modèle résistif : la réactance et les corrections thermiques ne sont pas incluses.",[20,1274,1276],{"id":1275},"quelle-tension-sapplique-à-votre-circuit","Quelle tension s’applique à votre circuit ?",[16,1278,1279],{},"L’erreur de raisonnement la plus fréquente en matière de chute de tension consiste à confondre la forme du réseau et le circuit. Les 400 V d’un raccordement triphasé ne se mesurent qu’entre deux conducteurs de phase. Un circuit de prises ou d’éclairage ordinaire se raccorde, même dans une telle habitation, entre un conducteur de phase et le neutre : il voit 230 V.",[120,1281,1282,1297],{},[123,1283,1284],{},[126,1285,1286,1289,1291,1294],{},[129,1287,1288],{},"Réseau au raccordement",[129,1290,911],{},[129,1292,1293],{},"Tension nominale",[129,1295,1296],{},"Facteur",[142,1298,1299,1310,1322,1333,1344],{},[126,1300,1301,1303,1306,1308],{},[147,1302,149],{},[147,1304,1305],{},"monophasé",[147,1307,155],{},[147,1309,158],{},[126,1311,1312,1315,1318,1320],{},[147,1313,1314],{},"3×230 V sans neutre",[147,1316,1317],{},"monophasé, L–L",[147,1319,155],{},[147,1321,158],{},[126,1323,1324,1326,1329,1331],{},[147,1325,1314],{},[147,1327,1328],{},"triphasé",[147,1330,155],{},[147,1332,182],{},[126,1334,1335,1337,1340,1342],{},[147,1336,187],{},[147,1338,1339],{},"monophasé, L–N",[147,1341,155],{},[147,1343,158],{},[126,1345,1346,1348,1350,1352],{},[147,1347,187],{},[147,1349,1328],{},[147,1351,203],{},[147,1353,182],{},[16,1355,1356],{},"Comme le facteur et la tension de référence changent ensemble, l’écart est important : les mêmes 16 A sur 30 m avec 2,5 mm² donnent 2,78 % en monophasé, mais 1,38 % pour un circuit triphasé sous 400 V. Calculer par erreur un circuit monophasé comme s’il était triphasé produit un résultat environ deux fois plus favorable et conduit à sous-dimensionner la section.",[16,1358,1359,1360,54],{},"Dans un réseau sans neutre, un circuit monophasé est raccordé entre deux conducteurs de phase. La tension y vaut également 230 V et, comme les deux conducteurs transportent le courant complet, le facteur 2 reste d’application. Pour identifier votre forme de réseau, consultez ",[50,1361,1363],{"href":1362},"\u002Ffr\u002Fblog\u002Fmonophase-triphase-belgique","Monophasé ou triphasé en Belgique",[20,1365,1367],{"id":1366},"deux-exemples-concrets","Deux exemples concrets",[221,1369,1371],{"id":1370},"éclairage-dun-abri-de-jardin","Éclairage d’un abri de jardin",[16,1373,1374],{},"Prenons 45 m de câble en cuivre, 230 V monophasé, 8 A et 1,5 mm². Avec cos φ 0,95 :",[16,1376,1377],{},[63,1378,232],{},[16,1380,1381,1382,1385,1386,1389],{},"La perte vaut ",[38,1383,1384],{},"3,47 %",", donc plus que la valeur de 3 % utilisée pour l’éclairage. En passant à 2,5 mm², elle tombe à ",[38,1387,1388],{},"4,79 V, soit 2,08 %",". Cette section est la première taille standard qui satisfait ce critère dans le prédimensionnement.",[221,1391,1393],{"id":1392},"circuit-de-prises-dans-un-garage","Circuit de prises dans un garage",[16,1395,1396],{},"Pour une liaison cuivre de 30 m, 230 V, 16 A et 2,5 mm² :",[16,1398,1399],{},[63,1400,255],{},[16,1402,1403,1404,1407],{},"La chute atteint ",[38,1405,1406],{},"2,78 %",". Le calcul préliminaire emploie 5 % pour ce type de circuit : 2,5 mm² convient donc du point de vue de la chute de tension. Cela ne prouve pas encore que le câble est suffisamment chargé dans son mode de pose réel.",[20,1409,1411],{"id":1410},"utiliser-le-calculateur-gratuit","Utiliser le calculateur gratuit",[16,1413,1414,1415,1419],{},"Le ",[50,1416,1418],{"href":1417},"\u002Ffr\u002Ftools\u002Fcalcul-section-cable","calculateur de chute de tension et de section"," contrôle une section choisie ou cherche une taille provisoire. Il couvre les trois formes de réseau (1×230 V, 3×230 V et 3N~400\u002F230 V) et distingue circuits monophasés et triphasés, avec une charge exprimée en A, W, kW ou kVA, ainsi que des conducteurs en cuivre ou en aluminium. Il compare les sections normalisées et distingue le contrôle de la protection de celui de la chute de tension.",[16,1421,1422,1423,1426],{},"Le calcul s’exécute directement dans le navigateur, pour que les curseurs et le résultat évoluent sans délai ; le même noyau de calcul est aussi disponible via l’API PlanElec. Ce résultat reste un ",[38,1424,1425],{},"prédimensionnement",". L’outil ne vérifie ni le mode de pose, ni le groupement, la température, l’isolant, la réactance, le courant admissible, la tenue au court-circuit, les conditions de coupure, les bornes ou les données fabricant. Une personne compétente doit valider le choix définitif.",[20,1428,1430],{"id":1429},"que-faire-si-la-chute-est-trop-élevée","Que faire si la chute est trop élevée ?",[16,1432,1433],{},"La première solution consiste souvent à augmenter la section. On peut aussi raccourcir le tracé ou installer un tableau secondaire plus près des charges. L’aluminium peut être intéressant sur une longue alimentation, à condition de prévoir les connexions et le dimensionnement adaptés. Pour une borne ou une pompe à chaleur, une alimentation triphasée réduit fortement le courant par phase à puissance totale identique. Une gestion dynamique de la charge peut enfin éviter de dépasser la puissance disponible.",[20,1435,1437],{"id":1436},"erreurs-fréquentes","Erreurs fréquentes",[72,1439,1440,1446,1452,1458,1464],{},[75,1441,1442,1445],{},[38,1443,1444],{},"Appliquer 3 % à tous les circuits."," Le calcul préliminaire utilise 3 % pour l’éclairage et 5 % pour les autres circuits.",[75,1447,1448,1451],{},[38,1449,1450],{},"S’arrêter au tableau disjoncteur-section."," Il ne tient pas compte de la longueur ni de la charge réelle.",[75,1453,1454,1457],{},[38,1455,1456],{},"Encoder l’aller-retour."," Il faut saisir la distance simple ; la formule monophasée contient déjà le facteur 2.",[75,1459,1460,1463],{},[38,1461,1462],{},"Oublier les tronçons en amont."," Les chutes successives s’additionnent.",[75,1465,1466,1469],{},[38,1467,1468],{},"Présenter le résultat comme une preuve de conformité."," Les conditions de pose et de court-circuit manquent encore.",[20,1471,1473],{"id":1472},"questions-fréquentes","Questions fréquentes",[221,1475,1477],{"id":1476},"faut-il-indiquer-la-longueur-simple-ou-laller-retour","Faut-il indiquer la longueur simple ou l’aller-retour ?",[16,1479,1480],{},"Indiquez la distance simple entre le tableau et la charge. Le facteur 2 couvre le conducteur de retour en monophasé ; le calcul triphasé utilise √3.",[221,1482,1484],{"id":1483},"une-section-de-15-mm-est-elle-permise-pour-léclairage","Une section de 1,5 mm² est-elle permise pour l’éclairage ?",[16,1486,1487],{},"Le RGIE 5.2.1.2 autorise 1,5 mm² pour un circuit terminal sans prise, si la protection et les autres conditions conviennent. Une grande longueur peut malgré tout imposer 2,5 mm² ou davantage.",[221,1489,1491],{"id":1490},"une-section-plus-grande-est-elle-toujours-préférable","Une section plus grande est-elle toujours préférable ?",[16,1493,1494],{},"Elle réduit les pertes, mais augmente le coût, l’encombrement et les contraintes de raccordement. Le bon choix est la première section qui réussit toutes les vérifications pertinentes.",[221,1496,1498],{"id":1497},"le-résultat-suffit-il-pour-le-contrôle-électrique","Le résultat suffit-il pour le contrôle électrique ?",[16,1500,1501,1502,1506],{},"Non. Il s’agit d’un contrôle de plausibilité, pas d’une note de calcul complète. Le ",[50,1503,1505],{"href":1504},"\u002Ffr\u002Fblog\u002Fcontrole-electrique","dossier du contrôle électrique"," comprend aussi les schémas, protections, liaisons équipotentielles et autres exigences.",[20,1508,1510],{"id":1509},"articles-associés","Articles associés",[72,1512,1513,1518,1522,1528],{},[75,1514,1515],{},[50,1516,1517],{"href":1229},"Section de câble selon le disjoncteur",[75,1519,1520],{},[50,1521,1363],{"href":1362},[75,1523,1524],{},[50,1525,1527],{"href":1526},"\u002Ffr\u002Fblog\u002Fborne-recharge-rgie","Installer une borne de recharge selon le RGIE",[75,1529,1530],{},[50,1531,1533],{"href":1532},"\u002Ffr\u002Fblog\u002Fcircuit-dedie-obligatoire-appareils","Circuits dédiés pour les appareils",{"title":389,"searchDepth":390,"depth":390,"links":1535},[1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1544,1545,1546,1547,1553],{"id":1201,"depth":390,"text":1202},{"id":1211,"depth":390,"text":1212},{"id":1233,"depth":390,"text":1234},{"id":1275,"depth":390,"text":1276},{"id":1366,"depth":390,"text":1367,"children":1541},[1542,1543],{"id":1370,"depth":399,"text":1371},{"id":1392,"depth":399,"text":1393},{"id":1410,"depth":390,"text":1411},{"id":1429,"depth":390,"text":1430},{"id":1436,"depth":390,"text":1437},{"id":1472,"depth":390,"text":1473,"children":1548},[1549,1550,1551,1552],{"id":1476,"depth":399,"text":1477},{"id":1483,"depth":399,"text":1484},{"id":1490,"depth":399,"text":1491},{"id":1497,"depth":399,"text":1498},{"id":1509,"depth":390,"text":1510},"Calculez la chute de tension de votre câble et voyez quand une section plus grande s'impose. Outil gratuit pour la Belgique, sans inscription.","fr",{},"\u002Fblog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.fr",{"title":1189,"description":1554},"chute-de-tension-section-cable","blog\u002Fvoltage-drop-cable-sizing.fr",[1562,1563,1564,1565],"chute-de-tension","section-cable","calculateur","rgie","zqGhyImPcPPbeeO0KfuyOtgkpKstStWLN-yquDD55D4",{"id":4,"title":5,"articleId":6,"body":1568,"category":411,"date":412,"description":413,"extension":414,"lastUpdated":415,"locale":416,"meta":1826,"navigation":418,"path":419,"publishDate":412,"readTime":420,"refreshInterval":421,"seo":1827,"slug":423,"stem":424,"tags":1828,"__hash__":430},{"type":8,"value":1569,"toc":1806},[1570,1572,1574,1576,1578,1580,1582,1588,1592,1594,1600,1614,1624,1626,1628,1694,1696,1700,1702,1704,1706,1710,1716,1718,1720,1724,1728,1730,1734,1738,1740,1742,1744,1766,1768,1770,1772,1774,1776,1778,1780,1782,1786,1788],[11,1571,14],{"id":13},[16,1573,18],{},[20,1575,23],{"id":22},[16,1577,26],{},[16,1579,29],{},[20,1581,33],{"id":32},[16,1583,36,1584,41,1586,45],{},[38,1585,40],{},[38,1587,44],{},[16,1589,48,1590,54],{},[50,1591,53],{"href":52},[20,1593,58],{"id":57},[16,1595,61,1596,66,1598,70],{},[63,1597,65],{},[38,1599,69],{},[72,1601,1602,1606,1610],{},[75,1603,77,1604],{},[63,1605,80],{},[75,1607,83,1608],{},[63,1609,86],{},[75,1611,89,1612],{},[63,1613,92],{},[16,1615,95,1616,99,1618,103,1620,107,1622,111],{},[63,1617,98],{},[63,1619,102],{},[63,1621,106],{},[63,1623,110],{},[20,1625,115],{"id":114},[16,1627,118],{},[120,1629,1630,1642],{},[123,1631,1632],{},[126,1633,1634,1636,1638,1640],{},[129,1635,131],{},[129,1637,134],{},[129,1639,137],{},[129,1641,140],{},[142,1643,1644,1654,1664,1674,1684],{},[126,1645,1646,1648,1650,1652],{},[147,1647,149],{},[147,1649,152],{},[147,1651,155],{},[147,1653,158],{},[126,1655,1656,1658,1660,1662],{},[147,1657,163],{},[147,1659,166],{},[147,1661,155],{},[147,1663,158],{},[126,1665,1666,1668,1670,1672],{},[147,1667,163],{},[147,1669,177],{},[147,1671,155],{},[147,1673,182],{},[126,1675,1676,1678,1680,1682],{},[147,1677,187],{},[147,1679,190],{},[147,1681,155],{},[147,1683,158],{},[126,1685,1686,1688,1690,1692],{},[147,1687,187],{},[147,1689,177],{},[147,1691,203],{},[147,1693,182],{},[16,1695,208],{},[16,1697,211,1698,54],{},[50,1699,215],{"href":214},[20,1701,219],{"id":218},[221,1703,224],{"id":223},[16,1705,227],{},[16,1707,1708],{},[63,1709,232],{},[16,1711,235,1712,239,1714,243],{},[38,1713,238],{},[38,1715,242],{},[221,1717,247],{"id":246},[16,1719,250],{},[16,1721,1722],{},[63,1723,255],{},[16,1725,235,1726,261],{},[38,1727,260],{},[20,1729,265],{"id":264},[16,1731,268,1732,273],{},[50,1733,272],{"href":271},[16,1735,276,1736,280],{},[38,1737,279],{},[20,1739,284],{"id":283},[16,1741,287],{},[20,1743,291],{"id":290},[72,1745,1746,1750,1754,1758,1762],{},[75,1747,1748,299],{},[38,1749,298],{},[75,1751,1752,305],{},[38,1753,304],{},[75,1755,1756,311],{},[38,1757,310],{},[75,1759,1760,317],{},[38,1761,316],{},[75,1763,1764,323],{},[38,1765,322],{},[20,1767,327],{"id":326},[221,1769,331],{"id":330},[16,1771,334],{},[221,1773,338],{"id":337},[16,1775,341],{},[221,1777,345],{"id":344},[16,1779,348],{},[221,1781,352],{"id":351},[16,1783,355,1784,360],{},[50,1785,359],{"href":358},[20,1787,364],{"id":363},[72,1789,1790,1794,1798,1802],{},[75,1791,1792],{},[50,1793,371],{"href":52},[75,1795,1796],{},[50,1797,215],{"href":214},[75,1799,1800],{},[50,1801,381],{"href":380},[75,1803,1804],{},[50,1805,387],{"href":386},{"title":389,"searchDepth":390,"depth":390,"links":1807},[1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1816,1817,1818,1819,1825],{"id":22,"depth":390,"text":23},{"id":32,"depth":390,"text":33},{"id":57,"depth":390,"text":58},{"id":114,"depth":390,"text":115},{"id":218,"depth":390,"text":219,"children":1813},[1814,1815],{"id":223,"depth":399,"text":224},{"id":246,"depth":399,"text":247},{"id":264,"depth":390,"text":265},{"id":283,"depth":390,"text":284},{"id":290,"depth":390,"text":291},{"id":326,"depth":390,"text":327,"children":1820},[1821,1822,1823,1824],{"id":330,"depth":399,"text":331},{"id":337,"depth":399,"text":338},{"id":344,"depth":399,"text":345},{"id":351,"depth":399,"text":352},{"id":363,"depth":390,"text":364},{},{"title":5,"description":413},[426,427,428,429],1786471522176]